Awareness of genetic and other risk factors is important, because there are very effective means now available that could prevent most colon cancer morbidity and mortality. Cancer genetics was among the earliest clinical applications of the techniques of molecular biology. Advances in understanding the genetic basis of human diseases creates opportunities to make diagnostic and prognostic assessments based upon various types of analyses of variations in an individual’s DNA. A easy way to prevent colon cancer is early detection & colon cleaning to maintain colong health..
Molecular diagnosis involves the testing of DNA or RNA within a clinical context. The functions of nucleic acids and their encoded protein molecules are determined by the linear sequence of their monomers. Although the proteins they encode develop complex three dimensional functional conformations as linear peptide chains become enfolded into helical or pleated sheets or higher-order structures, the simple primary amino acid sequences determine the ultimate structure and function. In modern molecular biology research, it is now much easier to obtain long nucleic acid sequence information to deduce the sequence of proteins rather than determine them directly. The functional effects on the encoded protein of any mutations or sequence variations can then be discovered.
The standard family history obtained by primary care providers should remain an essential entry point for referral to a colon cancer genetics program for further evaluation. Molecular techniques may eventually become inexpensive enough to justify mass screening of the entire population, as is already being done in some states for another prevalent type of disease mutations, specifically those causing cystic fibrosis. All physicians can be helpful in initially recognizing any possible patients with hereditary colon cancer syndromes by obtaining a routine family history. The family history may reveal characteristics that suggest an inherited syndrome, such as multiple cancers or other typical clinical manifestations in a family or individual, particularly tumors diagnosed at an unusually early age.
Sporadic colon tumors are caused by somatic mutations in a few critical genes that accumulate in a single cell lineage. Hereditary colon tumor syndromes are caused by mutations in the same genes that cause sporadic tumors, but at least one of these is an inherited or germline mutation. Because the first mutational step has already occurred in every cell at the time of birth in the hereditary case, only one additional somatic mutation affecting a single cell is sufficient to inactivate that gene function. In contrast, sporadic cases require two distinct somatic mutational events to inactivate both the maternal and paternal copies of these genes in the same cell before a tumor develops.
Racial, and ethnic backgrounds, especially among African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews, have the highest incidence. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Turcot Syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer all contribute to you getting this disease.
Six Things You Can Change
Some things you can do to reduce your chances of getting this disease are simple. A high fat, high calorie, and high protein diet increases your chances. By exercising and eating more fruits and vegetables, you will improve your odds of not getting cancer. If you smoke, stop, and if you drink, have no more than two alcoholic beverages per day. Links to colon cancer have also been made to people who work the night shift or had previous treatments for other cancers
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